/* t5.v02 — Science Magazine (확장판: 연간호·저널 데스크·Watch & Read). v01 스타일 + 아래 'v02' 절
   (원래 v01 설명) t5.v01 — Science Magazine (정제판)
   뉴스 우선 잡지 레이아웃. 디스플레이 세리프(Playfair Display / Noto Serif KR), 붉은 포인트, 종이색 바탕.
   v01: 여는 글(연구실 소개), 포토 에세이(앨범 분리), 연도별 뉴스·분류 필터, 인물·피처 기사 페이지, 국문 자간·터치 영역 보정. */
:root {
  --paper: #fbf9f4; --ink: #161513; --muted: #5d584f; --rule: #dcd6ca; --soft: #f1ede4;
  --red: #b5121b; --focus: #b5121b; --on-red: #fff;
  --band: #161513; --band-fg: #f4f1ea; --band-muted: #bdb7ab; --band-red: #ff6b61;
  --fig-bg: #fff;
  --max: 1240px;
  --display: "Playfair Display", "Noto Serif KR", "Nanum Myeongjo", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", "Noto Serif KR", "Nanum Myeongjo", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Pretendard Variable", Pretendard, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Apple SD Gothic Neo", "Noto Sans KR", "Malgun Gothic", sans-serif;
  --mono: ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --paper: #121110; --ink: #ede9e1; --muted: #aaa397; --rule: #36322c; --soft: #1c1a17;
    --red: #ff5f56; --focus: #ff8a80; --on-red: #1a0000;
    --band: #000000; --band-fg: #f4f1ea; --band-muted: #b3ada1;
    --fig-bg: #f4f1ea;
  }
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font: 16px/1.65 var(--sans); overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: keep-all; }
img { max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, input:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 2px; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { margin: 0; line-height: 1.2; }
.wrap { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 28px; }
.empty { color: var(--muted); }
.empty--box { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.15rem; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 28px 0; margin: 0; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: -999px; top: 0; z-index: 100; }
.skip:focus { left: 12px; top: 12px; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); padding: 8px 14px; font-weight: 700; }
html[lang="ko"] .phead-lead, html[lang="ko"] .article-dek, html[lang="ko"] .mast-tag, html[lang="ko"] .cover-label,
html[lang="ko"] .sec-title--italic, html[lang="ko"] .join-kicker, html[lang="ko"] .contact-aff,
html[lang="ko"] .sec-head--italic .sec-title, html[lang="ko"] .briefs-h, html[lang="ko"] .watch-channel-label { font-style: normal; }
[lang="ko"] .article-dek, .article-dek[lang="ko"] { font-style: normal; }

/* ---------------- 상단 띠 ---------------- */
.topbar { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .76rem; color: var(--muted); }
.topbar-in { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; }
.topbar-aff { flex: 1; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.topbar-right { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; }
.topbar-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 36px; }
.topbar-link:hover { color: var(--red); }
.lang-switch { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 34px; border: 1px solid var(--ink); color: var(--ink); padding: 0 12px; font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; }
.lang-switch:hover { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }

/* ---------------- 마스트헤드 ---------------- */
.mast-in { position: relative; text-align: center; padding-top: 28px; padding-bottom: 20px; }
.mast-over { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .24em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.mast-title { display: inline-block; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2.05rem, .9rem + 4.7vw, 4.7rem); line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -.012em; color: var(--ink); }
html[lang="ko"] .mast-title { letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.mast-tag { margin: 12px 0 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.03rem; }

.nav-btn { display: none; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; min-height: 44px; min-width: 44px; background: none; color: var(--ink); border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  padding: 0 14px; font: 700 .82rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .06em; cursor: pointer; }
.nav-btn-bars, .nav-btn-bars::before, .nav-btn-bars::after { display: block; width: 18px; height: 2px; background: currentColor; position: relative; }
.nav-btn-bars::before, .nav-btn-bars::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; }
.nav-btn-bars::before { top: -6px; } .nav-btn-bars::after { top: 6px; }
.nav-btn[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-btn-bars { background: transparent; }
.nav-btn[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-btn-bars::before { top: 0; transform: rotate(45deg); }
.nav-btn[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-btn-bars::after { top: 0; transform: rotate(-45deg); }

.nav { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 4px double var(--ink); }
.nav-in { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.nav a { position: relative; padding: 12px 15px; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink); }
html[lang="ko"] .nav a { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .9rem; }
.nav a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.nav a[aria-current="page"], .nav a.is-section { color: var(--red); }
.nav a[aria-current="page"]::after, .nav a.is-section::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 15px; right: 15px; bottom: 5px; height: 2px; background: var(--red); }
/* People 드롭다운: 버튼을 누르면(data-open) 또는 마우스를 올리면 아래로 구성원 페이지 5개 */
.nav-dd { position: relative; display: flex; }
.nav-dd-btn { position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; padding: 12px 15px; border: 0; background: none; cursor: pointer;
  font: 700 .78rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink); }
html[lang="ko"] .nav-dd-btn { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .9rem; }
.nav-dd-btn svg { flex: none; transition: transform .2s ease; }
.nav-dd-btn:hover, .nav-dd-btn.is-section, .nav-dd[data-open] .nav-dd-btn { color: var(--red); }
.nav-dd[data-open] .nav-dd-btn svg { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.nav-dd-btn.is-section::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 15px; right: 15px; bottom: 5px; height: 2px; background: var(--red); }
.nav-dd-btn:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: -3px; }
.nav-dd-menu { display: none; position: absolute; z-index: 40; top: 100%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); min-width: 230px; margin: 0; padding: 8px 0; list-style: none;
  background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--ink); border-top: 3px solid var(--red); box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, .14); }
.nav-dd[data-open] .nav-dd-menu, .nav-dd:not(.nav-dd--js):focus-within .nav-dd-menu { display: block; }
@media (hover: hover) and (min-width: 861px) { .nav-dd:not(.nav-dd--js):hover .nav-dd-menu { display: block; } }   /* JS가 있으면 t5.js가 올림을 처리 */
.nav .nav-dd-menu a { display: block; padding: 11px 20px; white-space: nowrap; }
.nav .nav-dd-menu a:hover { background: var(--soft); }
.nav .nav-dd-menu a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--red); box-shadow: inset 3px 0 0 var(--red); }
.nav .nav-dd-menu a[aria-current="page"]::after { display: none; }

/* ---------------- 공통 ---------------- */
.main { padding-bottom: 24px; }
.kicker { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 2px 12px; margin: 0 0 9px; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.kicker-cat { color: var(--red); }
.kicker time { font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.kicker--center { justify-content: center; }
.sec-head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.sec-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.2; }
.sec-title--italic, .sec-head--italic .sec-title { font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; }
.sec-more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; min-height: 32px; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: nowrap; }
.sec-more:hover { color: var(--red); }
.rule-h { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 8px; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.story-more { display: inline-block; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
a.story-more:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.pub-year-n { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; color: var(--muted); vertical-align: middle; }

/* 국문: 영문용 넓은 자간·대문자 라벨 보정 */
html[lang="ko"] :is(.mast-over, .kicker, .phead-kicker, .profile-role, .rule-h, .team-role, .sec-more, .story-more, .jr-top,
  .pub-count, .ftr-h, .article-back, .article-byline, .news-paper-label, .cv-when, .watch-channel-cta, .contact-dl dt,
  .profile-contact dt, .album-n, .briefs-h, .numbers-row dt, .staff dt, .pager-k, .rtopic-regions-h, .nrow-date span, .topbar-aff) { letter-spacing: .02em; }
html[lang="ko"] .kicker time { letter-spacing: 0; }

/* 페이지 머리 */
.phead { padding: 44px 0 30px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-bottom: 40px; }
.phead-kicker { margin: 0; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.phead-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 1.4rem + 3.2vw, 4rem); line-height: 1.05; margin: .18em 0 .22em; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.phead-lead { margin: 0; max-width: 44em; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 1.16rem; color: var(--muted); }
.phead-lead:empty { display: none; }

/* ---------------- 홈: 여는 글 ---------------- */
.ednote { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 6fr); gap: 44px; align-items: start; padding: 36px 0 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.ednote-photo { margin: 0; }
.ednote-photo img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 70%; display: block; }
.ednote-photo figcaption { padding: 8px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); }
.ednote-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 1rem + 1.2vw, 2.05rem); line-height: 1.18; margin: 0 0 16px; }
html[lang="ko"] .ednote-title { line-height: 1.38; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.ednote-prose { font-size: 1.07rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.ednote-prose p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
.ednote-more { margin: 0; padding-top: 6px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); text-align: right; }
.ednote-more a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 44px; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
html[lang="ko"] .ednote-more a { letter-spacing: .02em; }
.ednote-more a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }

/* ---------------- 홈: 커버(여러 편이면 가로 스크롤 트랙, t5.js가 ‹ › 버튼으로 넘김) ---------------- */
.cover { padding: 40px 0 44px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.cover-track { display: grid; grid-auto-flow: column; grid-auto-columns: 100%; column-gap: 48px; align-items: start;
  overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; overscroll-behavior-x: contain; }
.cover--js .cover-track { scrollbar-width: none; }
.cover--js .cover-track::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
.cover-track:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 6px; }
.cover-story { min-width: 0; scroll-snap-align: start; }
.cover-track .cover-link:focus-visible { outline-offset: -3px; }
.cover-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.3fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 44px; align-items: center; }
.cover-img.cover-img--type { display: grid; align-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding: clamp(18px, 3vw, 34px); background: var(--band); color: var(--band-fg); border-top: 4px solid var(--band-red); }
.cover-type-k { font: 800 .74rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--band-red); }
.cover-type-src { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 1rem + 3.2vw, 3.6rem); line-height: 1.04; text-transform: uppercase; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.cover-type-date { font: 600 .8rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--band-muted); }
.cover-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 14px; margin-top: 22px; }
.cover-nav[hidden] { display: none; }
.cover-btn { width: 44px; height: 44px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--ink); background: transparent; color: var(--ink); display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
.cover-btn:hover:not([aria-disabled="true"]) { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
.cover-btn[aria-disabled="true"] { opacity: .28; cursor: default; }
.cover-btn:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 2px; }
.cover-count { min-width: 4.6em; text-align: center; font: 700 .8rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.cover-img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; overflow: hidden; background: var(--soft); }
.cover-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; transition: transform .6s ease; }
.cover-label { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 0 0 16px; font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--red); }
.cover-label::before { content: ""; width: 30px; height: 3px; background: var(--red); flex: none; }
.cover-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 1.05rem + 2.1vw, 2.8rem); line-height: 1.12; margin: 0 0 16px; letter-spacing: -.008em; }
html[lang="ko"] .cover-title, html[lang="ko"] .article-title, html[lang="ko"] .story--lg .story-title { line-height: 1.32; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.cover-dek { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.16rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 20px; }
/* 논문 소개 슬라이드: 긴 논문 제목은 한 단계 작게, 저자는 고딕 */
.cover-title--paper { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1rem + 1.4vw, 2.2rem); line-height: 1.18; }
.cover-dek--authors { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.55; }
.cover-link:hover .cover-title, .story-link:hover .story-title, .feature-link:hover .feature-title, .album-link:hover .album-title, .nrow-link:hover .nrow-title, .brief a:hover .brief-title {
  text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 5px; text-decoration-color: var(--red); }
.cover-link:hover .cover-img img, .story-link:hover .story-img img, .album-link:hover .album-img img { transform: scale(1.03); }

/* 기사 카드 */
.more-stories { padding: 36px 0 52px; }
.front-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 48px; }
.front-grid > *, .stories-3 > .story, .jr { position: relative; }
.front-grid > * + *::before, .jr + .jr::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: -24px; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 1px; background: var(--rule); }
.stories-3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 48px; }
.stories-3 > .story:not(:nth-child(3n+1))::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: -24px; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 1px; background: var(--rule); }
.story-link { display: block; }
.story-img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; overflow: hidden; background: var(--soft); margin-bottom: 14px; }
.story-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; transition: transform .6s ease; }
.story-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.26; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.story-dek { margin: 0; font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted);
  display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.story--sm .story-title { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.story--text .story-text { border-top: 3px solid var(--red); padding-top: 12px; }
.story--text .story-title { font-size: 1.35rem; }
.story--sm.story--text .story-title { font-size: 1.16rem; }

/* 짧은 소식 */
.briefs-h { font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.2rem; color: var(--red); margin: 0 0 4px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.briefs-ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.brief { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.brief a { display: block; padding: 12px 0; }
.brief .kicker { margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: .66rem; }
.brief-title { display: block; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.02rem; line-height: 1.35; }

/* ---------------- 홈: Watch ---------------- */
.watch { background: var(--band); color: var(--band-fg); padding: 40px 0 50px; margin-top: 8px; }
.sec-head--band { border-top-color: var(--band-red); }
.watch .sec-more:hover { color: var(--band-red); }
.watch-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; }
.watch .video-card-title a { color: var(--band-fg); }
.watch .video-card-title a:hover { color: var(--band-red); }
.watch .video-card-date { color: var(--band-muted); }
.watch .video-card-pub { color: var(--band-red); }
.watch a:focus-visible, .watch button:focus-visible { outline-color: #fff; }
.watch-channel { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 4px; padding: 22px; background: #b5121b; color: #fff; min-height: 220px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.watch-channel::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: repeating-radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, rgba(255,255,255,.1) 0 1.5px, transparent 1.5px 22px); }
.watch-channel > * { position: relative; }
.watch-channel:hover { background: #9a0f17; }
.watch-channel-icon { position: absolute !important; top: 22px; left: 22px; width: 46px; height: 46px; border: 2px solid #fff; border-radius: 50%; }
.watch-channel-icon::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 17px; top: 13px; border-style: solid; border-width: 9px 0 9px 14px; border-color: transparent transparent transparent #fff; }
.watch-channel-n { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 3.2rem; line-height: 1; }
.watch-channel-label { font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.2rem; }
.watch-channel-cta { margin-top: 10px; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }

/* 영상 카드(공통) */
.video-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }
.video-card-text { padding: 12px 0 0; }
.video-card-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.video-card-title a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.video-card-date { display: block; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.video-card-pub { display: block; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--red); margin-top: 2px; }
.video-card-pub:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.video-grid--2, .video-grid--3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 240px), 1fr)); gap: 24px; margin-top: 12px; }
.video-grid--page { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 34px 26px; }
.video-card--lead { grid-column: span 2; grid-row: span 2; }
.video-card--lead .video-card-title { font-size: 1.65rem; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 800; }
.channel-line { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px 16px; margin: -14px 0 30px; }
.channel-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; background: var(--red); color: var(--on-red); padding: 0 18px; font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.channel-btn:hover { filter: brightness(1.1); }
.channel-name { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }

/* ---------------- 홈: From the journals ---------------- */
.journals { padding: 46px 0 40px; }
.journals-row { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.jr { padding: 2px 0 24px; min-width: 0; }
.jr + .jr::before { left: -20px; }
.jr-top { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.jr-journal { color: var(--red); }
.jr-no { color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
.jr-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.33; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.jr-title a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.jr-auth { margin: 0; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* ---------------- 홈: 연구 피처 ---------------- */
.features { padding: 10px 0 50px; }
.feature-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 34px 28px; }
.feature--lead { grid-column: span 2; }
.feature-link { display: block; }
.feature--lead .feature-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 26px; align-items: center; }
.feature-img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; overflow: hidden; background: var(--fig-bg); border: 1px solid var(--rule); display: grid; place-items: center; }
.feature-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; padding: 8px; display: block; }
.feature-text { padding-top: 14px; }
.feature--lead .feature-text { padding-top: 0; }
.feature-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.feature--lead .feature-title { font-size: 1.9rem; font-weight: 800; }
.feature-dek { margin: 0; font-size: .94rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.6; }

/* ---------------- 포토 에세이(앨범) ---------------- */
.essay { padding: 6px 0 50px; }
.essay-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 26px; }
.album { min-width: 0; }
.album-link { display: block; }
.album-img { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; overflow: hidden; background: var(--soft); }
.album-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; transition: transform .6s ease; }
.album-n { position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: 0; padding: 4px 10px; background: rgba(22, 21, 19, .82); color: #fff; font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.album-text { padding: 10px 0 0; }
.album-date { display: block; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 4px; }
html[lang="ko"] .album-date { letter-spacing: 0; }
.album-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.06rem; line-height: 1.32; }
.albums { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 30px 26px; }
.album--lead { grid-column: span 2; grid-row: span 2; }
.album--lead .album-img { aspect-ratio: auto; height: calc(100% - 4.4em); min-height: 220px; }
.album--lead .album-title { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 800; }
.album-year { margin-bottom: 20px; scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.album-year .albums { margin-top: 20px; }

/* 위치도(연구 지역) */
.loc { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 2 / 1; overflow: hidden; color: #fff; background: var(--loc-bg, #222); }
.loc img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; display: block; }
.loc--img { background: var(--fig-bg); border: 1px solid var(--rule); aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; }
.loc--img img { padding: 10px; }
.loc svg { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.loc-grid line { stroke: rgba(255,255,255,.17); stroke-width: .6; }
.loc-grid .loc-eq { stroke: rgba(255,255,255,.42); stroke-dasharray: 3 3; }
.loc-dot { fill: #fff; }
.loc-ring { fill: none; stroke: rgba(255,255,255,.75); stroke-width: 1.2; transform-box: fill-box; transform-origin: center; }
.loc-label { fill: #fff; font: 700 12px var(--sans); }
.loc-axis { fill: rgba(255,255,255,.6); font: 600 7px var(--mono); }
.loc--0 { --loc-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #b5121b 0%, #5e0910 100%); }
.loc--1 { --loc-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #12507f 0%, #082641 100%); }
.loc--2 { --loc-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #2e6a4c 0%, #12301f 100%); }
.loc--3 { --loc-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #46758f 0%, #1a3445 100%); }
.loc--4 { --loc-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #8d5a14 0%, #3f2706 100%); }
.loc--lg { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .loc-ring { animation: loc-pulse 3.2s ease-out infinite; }
  @keyframes loc-pulse { 0% { transform: scale(.45); opacity: 1; } 80%, 100% { transform: scale(1.35); opacity: 0; } }
}

/* 함께하기 */
.join { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; gap: 14px 28px; padding: 26px 0; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.join-kicker { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.5rem; color: var(--red); }
.join-text { margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.join-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 20px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); font-weight: 700; font-size: .9rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.join-btn:hover { background: var(--red); color: #fff; }

/* ---------------- 뉴스 목록 ---------------- */
.news-tools { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; padding-bottom: 14px; border-bottom: 4px solid var(--ink); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.news-filter { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin: 0; }
.news-filter button { font: 700 .78rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 14px; border-radius: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink); background: transparent; color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer; opacity: 1; }
html[lang="ko"] .news-filter button { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .86rem; }
.news-filter button span { font-weight: 500; color: var(--muted); margin-left: 2px; }
.news-filter button:hover { color: var(--red); border-color: var(--red); }
.news-filter button[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
.news-filter button[aria-pressed="true"] span { color: inherit; opacity: .75; }
.year-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 16px; margin: 4px 0 0; }
.year-links a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 40px; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 1.12rem; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.year-links a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.news-year { scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.news-year-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 1.6rem + 2vw, 3.2rem); line-height: 1; color: var(--red); margin: 40px 0 0; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.nrows { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.nrow { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.nrow-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 168px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; align-items: start; padding: 18px 0; }
.nrow-img { display: block; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; overflow: hidden; background: var(--soft); }
.nrow-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.nrow-date { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; padding-top: 2px; color: var(--muted); }
.nrow-date b { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--ink); font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.nrow-date span { font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.nrow-text { display: block; min-width: 0; max-width: 52em; }
.nrow-title { display: block; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.22rem; line-height: 1.3; }
.nrow-dek { display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; margin-top: 6px; font-size: .94rem; color: var(--muted); }
.news-gallery-note { margin: 34px 0 0; font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.2rem; }
html[lang="ko"] .news-gallery-note { font-style: normal; }
.news-gallery-note a { color: var(--red); }
.news-gallery-note a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }

/* ---------------- 연구 ---------------- */
.toc { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 26px; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 44px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.toc a { display: inline-flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; min-height: 36px; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.02rem; }
.toc a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.toc-no { font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; color: var(--red); }
.rtopic { padding-bottom: 56px; margin-bottom: 56px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.rtopic:last-child { border-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
.rtopic-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 44px; align-items: center; }
.rtopic-media { display: block; }
.rtopic--flip .rtopic-head > .rtopic-media { order: 2; }
.rtopic-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 1.2rem + 1.6vw, 2.5rem); line-height: 1.15; margin: 0 0 16px; }
.rtopic-title a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.rtopic-dek { margin: 0 0 16px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.rtopic-regions { margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.rtopic-regions-h { font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink); margin-right: 6px; }
.topic-themes { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 14px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
.topic-themes li { padding: 3px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .82rem; line-height: 1.4; }

/* 연구 주제 상세(피처 기사) */
.article-cover--fig { max-width: 1000px; }
.fig-frame { display: block; background: var(--fig-bg); border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 14px; }
.fig-frame img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 640px; object-fit: contain; }
.article-cover--fig figcaption, .topic-fig figcaption { padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.55; }
.topic-fig figcaption a, .article-cover--fig figcaption a { color: var(--red); }
.feature-body { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 56px; align-items: start; max-width: 1080px; }
.feature-main { min-width: 0; }
.feature-figs { margin-top: 30px; }
.topic-fig { margin: 18px 0 28px; }
.fig-no { font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; color: var(--red); }
.feature-side { position: sticky; top: 20px; display: grid; gap: 30px; }
.side-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.side-list li { display: flex; gap: 10px; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.side-list--links a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.loc--side { aspect-ratio: 2 / 1; margin: 10px 0 6px; }
.region-list { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 1.4em; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.region-list li { padding: 2px 0; }
.region-list li::marker { font-weight: 800; color: var(--red); }
.feature-more { max-width: 1080px; margin-top: 50px; display: grid; gap: 46px; }
.pager { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; margin-top: 60px; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); }
.pager a { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; max-width: 46%; min-height: 44px; }
.pager-next { text-align: right; margin-left: auto; }
.pager-k { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.pager-t { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.3; }
.pager a:hover .pager-t { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-underline-offset: 4px; }

/* ---------------- 논문·발표 아카이브 ---------------- */
.archive { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 52px; align-items: start; }
.archive-side { position: sticky; top: 20px; max-height: calc(100vh - 40px); overflow-y: auto; }
.pub-years { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, max-content); gap: 0 22px; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 8px; }
.pub-years a { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.pub-years a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.archive-main { min-width: 0; max-width: 920px; }
.pub-tools { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink); padding-bottom: 6px; }
.pub-search { flex: 1 1 200px; min-width: 0; min-height: 44px; border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--ink); font: italic 1.25rem var(--serif); padding: 8px 0; }
html[lang="ko"] .pub-search { font-style: normal; }
.pub-search::placeholder { color: var(--muted); }
.pub-count { font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-hint { margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-empty { color: var(--muted); padding: 20px 0; }
.pub-year, .pres-year { scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.pub-year-title, .pres-year-title { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 1.6rem + 2vw, 3.2rem); line-height: 1;
  color: var(--red); margin: 44px 0 4px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.pres-year:first-child .pres-year-title { margin-top: 0; }
.pub { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 3.1rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.pub:target { background: var(--soft); }
.pub > .pub-body:first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.pub-num { font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--muted); text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; }
.pub-num a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.pub-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }
.pub-title { order: -1; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.14rem; line-height: 1.36; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.pub-title a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.pub-authors, .pub-cite { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-cite { margin-top: 2px; }
.au-me { color: var(--ink); }
.pub-badge { color: var(--red); }
.pub-link { color: var(--red); }

.pres { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 10rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.pres-date { font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); padding-top: 4px; }
.pres-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.16rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.pres-title a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.pres-meta, .pres-who { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 3px; }
.pres-type { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); margin-right: 4px; }

/* ---------------- 구성원 ---------------- */
.profile { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 7fr); gap: 52px; align-items: start; padding-bottom: 44px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.profile-portrait { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; overflow: hidden; background: #161513; }
.profile-portrait img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 20%; display: block; }
.profile-mono { position: absolute; inset: 0; display: grid; place-items: center; }
.profile-mono::before { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 64%; aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 50%; background: #b5121b; }
.profile-mono span { position: relative; font-family: "Playfair Display", Georgia, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(4.5rem, 9vw, 8rem); color: #fff; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.profile-name { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 1.5rem + 2.4vw, 3.4rem); line-height: 1.05; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.profile-name a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.profile-alt { font-weight: 600; font-size: .48em; color: var(--muted); }
.profile-role { margin: 0 0 22px; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.profile-bio { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.profile-roles { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 4px 0 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.profile-roles li { padding: 9px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .95rem; }
.profile-contact { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px 34px; margin: 0 0 20px; }
.profile-contact dt { font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.profile-contact dd { margin: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.profile-contact a { color: var(--red); }
.interests { margin: 44px 0 40px; }
.interest-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 230px), 1fr)); gap: 0 26px; }
.interest-list li { display: flex; gap: 12px; padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.interest-no { font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; color: var(--red); }
.cv-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 36px 44px; margin: 0 0 56px; }
.cv { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.cv li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 6.2rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2px 14px; padding: 11px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .93rem; }
.cv-when { font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--red); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; padding-top: 2px; }
.person-pubs { margin-top: 10px; }
.muted-note { margin: -12px 0 6px; font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.team { margin-top: 10px; }
.team-group { margin: 0 0 34px; scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.team-role { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 12px; }
.team-role span { color: var(--red); margin-left: 4px; }
.member-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 270px), 1fr)); gap: 0 26px; }
.member-card { display: flex; gap: 16px; align-items: flex-start; padding: 16px 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.member-photo { width: 76px; height: 76px; flex: none; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden; display: grid; place-items: center; background: #b5121b; }
.member-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 25%; }
.member-initials { font-family: "Playfair Display", Georgia, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 900; font-size: 1.5rem; color: #fff; }
.member-text { min-width: 0; padding-top: 2px; }
.member-name { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.14rem; margin: 0 0 2px; line-height: 1.25; }
.member-name a { background-image: linear-gradient(var(--red), var(--red)); background-size: 0 2px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0 100%; transition: background-size .25s; }
.member-name a:hover { background-size: 100% 2px; }
.member-position { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); line-height: 1.4; }
html[lang="ko"] .member-position { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .8rem; }
.member-interests { margin: 0 0 3px; font-size: .86rem; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--muted); }
.member-email { font-size: .84rem; color: var(--muted); }
.member-email:hover { color: var(--red); }
.alumni-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 270px), 1fr)); gap: 0 26px; }
.alum { display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: flex-start; padding: 14px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.alum-photo { width: 56px; height: 56px; flex: none; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden; display: grid; place-items: center; background: #5d584f; filter: grayscale(.25); }
.alum-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 25%; }
.alum-photo .member-initials { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.alum-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; line-height: 1.4; }
.alum-name { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.04rem; }
.alum-name a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.alum-degree { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.alum-current { font-size: .84rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* 개인 페이지 */
.article-back--left { margin: 28px 0 26px !important; }
.profile--page { padding-bottom: 40px; }

/* ---------------- 뉴스 상세(잡지 기사) ---------------- */
.article-head { max-width: 900px; text-align: center; padding-top: 34px; }
.article-back { margin: 0 0 30px; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.article-back a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 40px; }
.article-back a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.article-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2rem, 1.15rem + 3.3vw, 3.7rem); line-height: 1.09; letter-spacing: -.012em; margin: 10px 0 20px; }
.article-dek { max-width: 38em; margin: 0 auto 20px; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1rem + .5vw, 1.32rem); line-height: 1.55; color: var(--muted); }
.article-byline { margin: 0 0 32px; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.article-rule { max-width: 720px; border-top: 4px double var(--ink); margin: 0 auto 36px; }
.article-cover { max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto 44px; }
.article-cover-media { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; overflow: hidden; background: #000; }
.article-cover-media > img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.article-cover figcaption, .news-video figcaption { padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .84rem; color: var(--muted); }
.news-video { margin: 36px 0 0; }
.cap-mark { color: var(--red); margin-right: 2px; }
.article-body { max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 20px; }
.article-body--wide { max-width: 1000px; }
.prose { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.19rem; line-height: 1.86; }
.prose p { margin: 0 0 1.25em; }
.prose:not(.prose--dropcap) > p:first-of-type { font-size: 1.06em; }
.prose a { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.prose--dropcap > p:first-of-type::first-letter { float: left; font-family: var(--display); font-style: normal; font-weight: 900; font-size: 4.5em; line-height: .8;
  margin: .09em .09em 0 0; color: var(--red); }
.ednote-prose.prose--dropcap > p:first-of-type::first-letter { font-size: 3.6em; }
html[lang="ko"] .prose { line-height: 1.9; }
.lang-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: .88rem; }
.news-gallery { display: grid; gap: 14px; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 260px), 1fr)); margin: 28px 0; }
.news-gallery figure { margin: 0; }
.news-gallery a { display: block; overflow: hidden; background: var(--soft); }
.news-gallery img { display: block; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .5s ease; }
.news-gallery a:hover img { transform: scale(1.03); }
.news-gallery figcaption { font-size: .84rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 6px; }
.news-paper { margin-top: 40px; padding: 12px 0 2px; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.news-paper-label { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.news-paper .pub { border-bottom: 0; padding: 10px 0 14px; }
.news-paper a { color: var(--red); }
.news-paper .pub-title a { color: var(--ink); }
.article-link { margin: 30px 0 0; }
.article-end { margin: 22px 0 0; color: var(--red); font-size: .8rem; }
.read-next { margin-top: 70px; }

/* ---------------- 연구실 소개(about) ---------------- */
.ednote--page { padding-top: 0; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 6fr) minmax(0, 5fr); align-items: start; }
.ednote--page .ednote-prose { font-size: 1.14rem; }
.numbers { margin: 46px 0 40px; }
.numbers-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 30px; margin: 0; }
.numbers-row > div { border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; min-width: 0; }
.numbers-row > div:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
.numbers-row dt { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.numbers-row dd { margin: 0; }
.numbers-row dd:not(.numbers-sub) { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 1.8rem + 2.6vw, 4.2rem); line-height: 1.05; color: var(--red); font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.numbers-row dd a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 3px; text-underline-offset: 6px; }
.numbers-sub { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.about-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 5fr); gap: 52px; align-items: start; }
.staff { margin: 0; }
.staff > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 12rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 4px 20px; padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.staff dt { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); padding-top: 4px; }
.staff dd { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.staff dd a:hover { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.staff-sep { color: var(--muted); }
.about-side { display: grid; gap: 34px; }
.about-addr { font-style: normal; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.04rem; margin: 10px 0 10px; }

/* ---------------- 연락처 ---------------- */
.contact-wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.4fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 52px; align-items: start; }
.contact-name { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 2.1rem; margin: 0; }
.contact-aff { margin: 6px 0 26px; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); }
.contact-dl { margin: 0 0 28px; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.contact-dl > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 10rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 15px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.contact-dl dt { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); padding-top: 4px; }
.contact-dl dd { margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.06rem; }
.contact-dl a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.join--side { display: block; padding: 30px 28px; background: #b5121b; color: #fff; border: 0; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.join--side::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: repeating-radial-gradient(circle at 100% 100%, rgba(255,255,255,.1) 0 1.5px, transparent 1.5px 22px); }
.join--side > * { position: relative; }
.join--side .join-kicker { color: #fff; font-size: 1.8rem; }
.join--side .join-text { margin: 12px 0 22px; }
.join-btn--light { background: #fff; color: #9a0f17; }
.join-btn--light:hover { background: #161513; color: #fff; }

/* ---------------- 푸터 ---------------- */
.ftr { background: #161513; color: #d9d4ca; margin-top: 70px; padding: 50px 0 24px; font-size: .92rem; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .ftr { background: #000; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); } }
.ftr a { color: #fff; }
.ftr a:hover { color: #ff8a80; }
.ftr a:focus-visible { outline-color: #fff; }
.ftr-top { text-align: center; padding-bottom: 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); margin-bottom: 32px; }
.ftr-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 1rem + 3vw, 3rem); line-height: 1.1; }
.ftr-tag { margin: 10px 0 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; color: #bdb7ab; }
html[lang="ko"] .ftr-tag { font-style: normal; }
.ftr-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 32px; }
.ftr-h { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ff7a70; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.ftr-menu { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, max-content); gap: 0 28px; }
.ftr-grid > div:last-child .ftr-menu { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.ftr-menu a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 32px; }
.ftr-addr { font-style: normal; line-height: 1.7; }
.ftr-line { margin: 8px 0 0; }
.ftr-bottom { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 6px 16px; margin-top: 34px; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); font-size: .8rem; color: #bdb7ab; }
.ftr-lang { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

/* ---------------- 반응형 ---------------- */
@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .nav a { padding: 12px 11px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
  .nav a[aria-current="page"]::after, .nav a.is-section::after { left: 11px; right: 11px; }
  .nav-dd-btn { padding: 12px 11px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
  .nav-dd-btn.is-section::after { left: 11px; right: 11px; }
}
@media (min-width: 861px) and (max-width: 980px) {
  .nav a, .nav-dd-btn { padding: 12px 8px; letter-spacing: .06em; }
  .nav a[aria-current="page"]::after, .nav a.is-section::after, .nav-dd-btn.is-section::after { left: 8px; right: 8px; }
}
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .watch-row { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .journals-row { grid-auto-flow: column; grid-template-columns: none; grid-auto-columns: minmax(240px, 34%); overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; padding-bottom: 6px; }
  .jr { scroll-snap-align: start; }
  .feature-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .essay-row, .albums { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .essay-row > :nth-child(4) { display: none; }
  .front-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 30px 40px; }
  .front-grid > .briefs { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .front-grid > .briefs::before { display: none; }
  .feature-body { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px; gap: 40px; }
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .wrap { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
  .topbar-aff { display: none; }
  .mast-in { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; gap: 2px 14px; text-align: left; padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 16px; }
  .mast { border-bottom: 4px double var(--ink); }
  .mast-over { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-bottom: 4px; letter-spacing: .16em; font-size: .68rem; }
  .mast-title { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1rem + 4vw, 2.6rem); line-height: 1.08; padding-bottom: 6px; }
  .mast-tag { display: none; }
  .nav-btn { display: inline-flex; grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
  .nav { display: none; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
  .nav[data-open] { display: block; }
  .nav-in { flex-direction: column; padding: 0; }
  .nav a { padding: 14px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .84rem; }
  .nav a:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .nav a[aria-current="page"]::after, .nav a.is-section::after { left: 0; right: auto; top: 10px; bottom: 10px; width: 4px; height: auto; }
  .nav-dd { display: block; }
  .nav-dd-btn { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; padding: 14px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .84rem; text-align: left; }
  .nav-dd-btn.is-section::after { left: 0; right: auto; top: 10px; bottom: 10px; width: 4px; height: auto; }
  .nav-dd-menu { position: static; transform: none; min-width: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); box-shadow: none; background: var(--soft); }
  .nav .nav-dd-menu a { padding: 13px 20px 13px 36px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); white-space: normal; }
  .nav .nav-dd-menu li:last-child a { border-bottom: 0; }
  .ednote, .ednote--page { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; padding-top: 22px; }
  .ednote--page { padding-top: 0; }
  .ednote-photo img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; }
  .ednote-prose { font-size: 1rem; }
  .cover-link { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; }
  .front-grid, .stories-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  .front-grid > * + *::before, .stories-3 > .story::before { display: none; }
  .front-grid > .story, .stories-3 > .story { padding: 0 0 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .stories-3 > .story:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
  .front-grid .story-link, .stories-3 .story-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 40%) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; align-items: start; }
  .front-grid .story--text .story-link, .stories-3 .story--text .story-link { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .front-grid .story-img, .stories-3 .story-img { margin: 0; }
  .front-grid .story-title, .stories-3 .story-title { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .front-grid .story-dek, .stories-3 .story-dek { -webkit-line-clamp: 2; font-size: .9rem; }
  .briefs { margin-top: 6px; }
  .watch-row { grid-auto-flow: column; grid-template-columns: none; grid-auto-columns: minmax(250px, 72%); overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; padding-bottom: 8px; }
  .watch-row > * { scroll-snap-align: start; }
  .essay-row { grid-auto-flow: column; grid-template-columns: none; grid-auto-columns: minmax(220px, 64%); overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; padding-bottom: 8px; }
  .essay-row > * { scroll-snap-align: start; }
  .essay-row > :nth-child(4) { display: block; }
  .albums { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px 16px; }
  .album--lead { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: auto; }
  .album--lead .album-img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; height: auto; min-height: 0; }
  .album--lead .album-title { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .rtopic-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .rtopic--flip .rtopic-head > .rtopic-media { order: 0; }
  .feature-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .feature-side { position: static; }
  .archive { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; }
  .archive-side { min-width: 0; position: static; max-height: none; overflow: visible; order: 2; }
  .archive-main { display: contents; }
  .archive-main > .pub-tools { order: 1; }
  .archive-main > :not(.pub-tools) { order: 3; }
  .years-fade { position: relative; }
  .years-fade::after { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; width: 44px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, var(--paper)); pointer-events: none; }
  .pub-years { display: flex; gap: 0 16px; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0 40px 0 0; border-top: 0; scrollbar-width: none; }
  .archive .pub-year:first-of-type .pub-year-title { margin-top: 18px; }
  .pub-years::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
  .pub-years a { flex: none; font-size: 1.2rem; min-height: 40px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
  .pub-hint { display: none; }
  .profile { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; }
  .profile-portrait { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; max-height: 420px; }
  .profile--page .profile-portrait { max-width: 420px; }
  .profile-mono::before { width: auto; height: 70%; }
  .cv-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .video-grid--page { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .video-card--lead { grid-row: span 1; }
  .contact-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 36px; }
  .join { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .join .join-btn { justify-self: start; }
  .numbers-row { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px 20px; }
  .numbers-row > div:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .ftr-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .ftr-grid > div:first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .wrap { padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; }
  .topbar-date { font-size: .72rem; }
  .lang-switch { min-height: 40px; }
  .feature-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .feature--lead { grid-column: auto; }
  .feature--lead .feature-link { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  .feature--lead .feature-text { padding-top: 14px; }
  .feature--lead .feature-title { font-size: 1.45rem; }
  .journals-row { grid-auto-columns: minmax(230px, 78%); }
  .nrow-link { grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; padding: 14px 0; }
  .nrow--text .nrow-link { grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .nrow-date { flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
  .nrow-date b { font-size: 1.7rem; }
  .nrow-title { font-size: 1.06rem; }
  .nrow-dek { font-size: .88rem; }
  .news-filter button { padding: 0 11px; }
  .video-grid--page { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .video-card--lead { grid-column: auto; }
  .video-card--lead .video-card-title { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .pub { grid-template-columns: 2.4rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 10px; }
  .pres { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .contact-dl > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .staff > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .cv li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  .prose { font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.82; }
  .article-body { padding: 0 16px; }
  .fig-frame { padding: 8px; }
  .pager { flex-direction: column; }
  .pager a { max-width: none; }
  .ftr-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ftr-menu { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .cover-img img, .story-img img, .album-img img, .news-gallery img { transition: none; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
}


/* =====================================================================
   v02: 연간호(issues) · 저널 데스크(journals) · Watch & Read(videos)
   ===================================================================== */
:root { --gold: #c8a24a; --navy: #1d3550; --forest: #24473a; }

/* 논문·구성원 탭 */
.ptabs-wrap .ptabs { margin-top: 18px; }
.ptabs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; margin: -16px 0 30px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.ptabs a { position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 48px; padding: 0 18px 0 0; margin-right: 18px;
  font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.12rem; color: var(--muted); }
.ptabs a span { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--muted); }
.ptabs a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.ptabs a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--ink); }
.ptabs a[aria-current="page"]::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 18px; bottom: -1px; height: 3px; background: var(--red); }

/* 연간호 표지 */
.icover { --c: #b5121b; position: relative; display: flex; flex-direction: column; aspect-ratio: 5 / 7; padding: 10px 12px 12px; overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--c); color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.08); transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease; }
.icover--1 { --c: #161513; } .icover--2 { --c: var(--navy); } .icover--3 { --c: var(--forest); }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .icover--1 { --c: #2a2723; } }
a.icover:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.18); }
a.icover:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 3px; }
a.icover[aria-current="true"] { outline: 3px solid var(--red); outline-offset: 4px; }
.icover-top { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4); padding-bottom: 4px; }
.icover-mast { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.icover-vol { font-size: .58rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; opacity: .85; white-space: nowrap; }
html[lang="ko"] .icover-vol { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .64rem; }
.icover-art { position: relative; flex: 1 1 auto; min-height: 42%; margin: 8px -12px 8px; overflow: hidden; display: flex; align-items: flex-end; }
.icover-art img { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.icover--img .icover-art::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 45%, rgba(0,0,0,.55)); }
.icover--fig .icover-art { background: #fff; }
.icover--fig .icover-art img { object-fit: contain; padding: 6px; }
.icover--fig .icover-art::after { background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 60%, rgba(0,0,0,.35)); }
.icover-year { position: relative; z-index: 1; padding: 0 12px 2px; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 2rem; line-height: .9; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.25); }
.icover:not(.icover--img) .icover-year { font-size: 2.9rem; color: var(--gold); text-shadow: none; }
.icover .ybars { position: absolute; left: 12px; right: 12px; top: 10%; bottom: 46%; width: calc(100% - 24px); height: 44%; }
.ybars rect { fill: rgba(255,255,255,.28); }
.ybars rect.later { fill: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }
.ybars rect.hl { fill: var(--gold); }
.icover-line { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 3px; }
.icover-j { font-size: .58rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); line-height: 1.3;
  display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.icover--0 .icover-j { color: #ffd9a0; }
.icover-t { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: .84rem; line-height: 1.22;
  display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.icover-n { margin-top: 6px; font-size: .6rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; opacity: .8; }
html[lang="ko"] .icover-n, html[lang="ko"] .icover-j { letter-spacing: .02em; }
.icover--big { padding: 16px 18px 18px; box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.18); }
.icover--big .icover-mast { font-size: 2.6rem; }
.icover--big .icover-vol { font-size: .74rem; }
.icover-vy { display: none; }
.icover--big .icover-vy { display: inline; }
.icover--big .icover-art { margin: 12px -18px; }
.icover--big .icover-year { font-size: 4.2rem; padding: 0 18px; }
.icover--big:not(.icover--img) .icover-year { font-size: 5.4rem; }
.icover--big .ybars { left: 18px; right: 18px; width: calc(100% - 36px); }
.icover--big .icover-j { font-size: .7rem; }
.icover--big .icover-t { font-size: 1.12rem; -webkit-line-clamp: 4; }
.icover--big .icover-n { font-size: .7rem; }

/* 표지 진열대 */
.rack { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.rack-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(156px, 1fr)); gap: 22px 18px; }
.rack-note { margin: 18px 0 0; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); max-width: 60em; }

/* 연간호 본문 */
.issue { padding-top: 40px; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); margin-top: 20px; scroll-margin-top: 10px; }
.issue + .issue { margin-top: 60px; }
.issue-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.issue-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: clamp(3.4rem, 2rem + 5vw, 6.4rem); line-height: .95; color: var(--red); margin: 0 0 18px; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.issue-counts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0; margin: 0 0 26px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.issue-counts > div { padding: 10px 0 10px 14px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.issue-counts > div:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
.issue-counts dt { font-size: .66rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
html[lang="ko"] .issue-counts dt { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .74rem; }
.issue-counts dd { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.1; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.issue-cp { margin-bottom: 22px; }
.issue-cp-j { margin: 8px 0 4px; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.issue-cp-t { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1rem + 1vw, 1.75rem); line-height: 1.22; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.issue-cp-t a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.issue-cp-a { margin: 0; font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.issue-cp-a a { color: var(--red); font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; }
.issue-js ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 4px 0 22px; }
.issue-js li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding: 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .92rem; }
.issue-js b { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; color: var(--red); }
.issue-pager { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; }
.issue-pager a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
html[lang="ko"] .issue-pager a { letter-spacing: .02em; }
.issue-pager a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.issue-body { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px; gap: 48px; margin-top: 40px; align-items: start; }
.issue-sec { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 1.4rem; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 8px; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.toc-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.toc-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 3rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; padding: 12px 0; }
.toc-n { font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--muted); text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; }
.toc-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }
.toc-t { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.toc-j { font-size: .8rem; font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); }
.toc-row:hover .toc-t { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.issue-side { display: grid; gap: 34px; }
.issue-more { margin-top: 10px; }
.issue-albums { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px 14px; margin-top: 12px; }
.album--sm .album-title { font-size: .92rem; }
.album--sm .album-n { font-size: .6rem; padding: 3px 7px; }
.issue-vids { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 8px 0 0; display: grid; gap: 12px; }
.issue-vids a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; align-items: start; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.issue-vids img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.issue-vids a:hover span { color: var(--red); }

/* 홈: 지난 호 */
.backissues { padding: 4px 0 46px; }
.bi-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; }

/* 저널 데스크 */
.desk { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 46px 48px; }
.desk-card { border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 12px; min-width: 0; scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.desk-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.desk-rank { font-family: var(--display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--red); }
.desk-name { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; }
.desk-n { margin: 0; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); white-space: nowrap; }
.desk-n b { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; font-size: 2.2rem; letter-spacing: 0; color: var(--red); margin-right: 4px; vertical-align: -4px; }
.desk-bars { margin: 0 0 16px; }
.jbars { display: block; width: 100%; height: 48px; }
.jbars rect { fill: var(--red); }
.jbars line { stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1; }
.desk-axis { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 8px; font-size: .72rem; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; margin-top: 4px; }
.desk-axis span:nth-child(2) { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; }
.desk-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.desk-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 3rem minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 10px; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); align-items: baseline; }
.desk-y { font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 800; color: var(--red); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.desk-t { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.35; min-width: 0; }
.desk-t a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.desk-num { font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--muted); white-space: nowrap; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 32px; }
.desk-num:hover { color: var(--red); }
.desk-more summary { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; cursor: pointer; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); list-style: none; }
html[lang="ko"] .desk-more summary { letter-spacing: .02em; font-size: .84rem; }
.desk-more summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.desk-more summary::before { content: "+"; display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 22px; height: 22px; margin-right: 8px; border: 1px solid currentColor; font-size: 1rem; }
.desk-more[open] summary::before { content: "−"; }
.desk-list--all .desk-t { font-size: .94rem; }
.desk-all { margin-top: 64px; }
.jn-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; columns: 3 260px; column-gap: 40px; }
.jn-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto auto; gap: 10px; align-items: baseline; padding: 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); break-inside: avoid; font-size: .9rem; }
.jn-list .is-top .jn-name { font-weight: 700; }
.jn-first { font-size: .74rem; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.jn-n { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 900; color: var(--red); min-width: 2ch; text-align: right; }

/* Watch & Read */
.wr { margin-bottom: 56px; }
.wr-lead { margin: -12px 0 10px; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 1.08rem; color: var(--muted); }
html[lang="ko"] .wr-lead { font-style: normal; }
.wr-pair { scroll-margin-top: 20px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 40px; padding: 30px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); align-items: start; }
.wr-pair:nth-of-type(even) .wr-video { order: 2; }
.wr-video .video-card-title { margin-top: 12px; }
.wr-paper { position: relative; padding: 18px 0 0; border-top: 3px solid var(--red); }
.wr-title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1rem + 1vw, 1.75rem); line-height: 1.22; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.wr-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.wr-authors { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.wr-cite { margin: 0 0 18px; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.wr-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px 20px; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.wr-num { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
html[lang="ko"] .wr-num { letter-spacing: .02em; }
.wr-num:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.wr-story { margin: 0; padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .92rem; }
.wr-story .kicker-cat { font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-right: 6px; }
.wr-story a:hover { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .bi-row { grid-auto-flow: column; grid-template-columns: none; grid-auto-columns: minmax(150px, 22%); overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; padding: 4px 4px 10px; }
  .bi-row > * { scroll-snap-align: start; }
  .issue-body { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; gap: 36px; }
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .ptabs { margin-top: -10px; }
  .ptabs a { font-size: .98rem; margin-right: 10px; padding-right: 8px; white-space: nowrap; }
  .ptabs a[aria-current="page"]::after { right: 8px; }
  .rack-grid { position: relative; grid-auto-flow: column; grid-template-columns: none; grid-auto-columns: 136px; gap: 12px; overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x proximity; padding: 6px 6px 12px; margin: 0 -6px; }
  .rack-grid > * { scroll-snap-align: start; }
  .ptabs { flex-wrap: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; scrollbar-width: none; }
  .ptabs::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
  .ptabs--people { flex-wrap: wrap; overflow: visible; }   /* 구성원 탭 5개는 두 줄로(현재 탭이 화면 밖에 숨지 않게) */
  .ptabs a { flex: none; }
  .issue-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; }
  .issue-cover { max-width: 300px; }
  .issue-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .desk { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .wr-pair { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
  .wr-pair:nth-of-type(even) .wr-video { order: 0; }
  .bi-row { grid-auto-columns: minmax(140px, 40%); }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .icover-t { font-size: .78rem; }
  .icover-mast { font-size: 1.15rem; }
  .icover-year { font-size: 2rem; }
  .icover:not(.icover--img) .icover-year { font-size: 2.4rem; }
  .issue-counts { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .issue-counts > div:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .issue-counts > div:nth-child(n+3) { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .desk-head { grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .desk-n { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .desk-list li { grid-template-columns: 2.6rem minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .desk-num { grid-column: 2; min-height: 24px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .icover { transition: none; } a.icover:hover { transform: none; } }